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Razadyne For Alzheimer’s: Improves Thinking, Lifespan

MEDICATION: Razadyne (generic galantamine) is an FDA-Approved daffodil extract for Alzheimer's. Learn how it significantly lowered mortality & eased cognitive decline.
daffodil, blossom, bloom

An important study showed a significantly lower mortality rate in patients who were treated with galantamine, a prescription medicine for mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease, versus those who received placebo. Patients treated with galantamine also had significantly lesser decline in cognitive impairment after two years, compared to patients in the placebo group, according to investigators presenting the data at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 51st Annual Meeting in Hollywood, Fla. Janssen Research & Development, LLC, sponsored the study.

Galantamine is the generic name for the brand-name drugs Reminyl (UK) and Razadyne (USA). It is also spelled, “Galanthamine.” In treating Alzheimer’s, it competes with two similar drugs used to control levels of brain acetylcholinesterase in dementia patients.

These drugs are:

Brand NameGeneric Name
Aricept®donepezil
Exelon® or Ebixa®rivastigmine
Reminyl® or Razadyne®galantamine or galanthamine

Statistics Overview

At the study’s final interim mortality analysis, an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board recommended early termination of the study due to an imbalance of deaths between the treatment group and the placebo group. Subsequent unblinding of the data indicated that mortality was statistically significantly lower in patients treated with galantamine, compared to patients who received placebo [3.1 percent versus 4.9 percent respectively; (P=0.021)]. In the final analysis, there was a total of 89 deaths; 33 (3.2 percent) in the galantamine group and 56 (5.5 percent) in the placebo group (P=0.011).

The treatment group also had significantly lesser cognitive decline measured by the change from baseline in the Mini Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE) at month 24 of the study, compared to the group treated with placebo. The mean MMSE scores deteriorated from a baseline of 19 to 16.9 and 17.5 for the placebo and galantamine groups, respectively (P<0.001). The MMSE is a validated measure of cognition.

Additionally, there was a significantly greater decline from baseline in MMSE at month 6 in the placebo group compared with the galantamine group (P<0.001). The change in activities of daily living, as measured by the Disability Assessment in Dementia (DAD) scores from baseline to month 24, was significantly worse in the placebo group than in the galantamine group (P=0.002). The DAD is a validated measure of activities of daily living.

About the Study

The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term (two-year) treatment with galantamine in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease.

The primary safety endpoint was the rate of mortality or death over two years. The secondary safety endpoint was the incidence of treatment emergent adverse events, including serious adverse events, over two years.

Approximately 49 percent of the placebo group and 54 percent of the galantamine group reported at least one Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE). Approximately 12 percent of patients reported serious adverse events in both groups. Patients who were treated with galantamine reported numerically more TEAEs, most notably gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting). The incidence and types of serious AEs were similar in both groups, except for mortality, which was significantly higher in the group of patients that received placebo.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in the MMSE score at month 24. Secondary efficacy endpoints included cognitive change from baseline to month 6 as measured by the MMSE, and change in function from baseline to month 24 as measured by the DAD.

The trial enrolled 2,051 people (1,023 to the placebo group, 1,028 to the galantamine group) and was conducted at 127 sites in 13 countries. Patients in the study were between the ages of 45 and 92; their mean age was approximately 73 years. The majority of patients was female (65 percent).

The galantamine group initially received 8 mg of drug daily, and the dose was increased to 16 to 24 mg daily during the first 12 weeks of the study. Thereafter, patients were maintained on 16 to 24 mg of galantamine daily.

About Alzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, is a degenerative brain disease that is not a normal part of aging. Alzheimer's disease gradually destroys a person's cognitive and functional abilities, including memory and the ability to perform activities of daily living, such as bathing and eating.

Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, estimated to affect more than five million people. It is estimated that there were 35.6 million people with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, worldwide in 2010. This number is projected to nearly double every 20 years, increasing to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. The total worldwide costs of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, were estimated to be around one percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010, at more than US $600 billion. This includes costs attributed to informal unpaid care, community or residential-based care and treatment.

About Galantamine

Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved to treat symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease such as memory loss. There is no evidence that galantamine alters the course of the underlying process of dementia. While the precise mechanism of galantamine's action is unknown, it is believed to achieve its therapeutic effect by increasing the concentration of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by inhibition of the enzyme cholinesterase which breaks down acetylcholine.

Although the cause of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, it has been reported that neurons that produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's. The degree of this neuronal loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques, a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.

In the United States, galantamine is sold as RAZADYNE® and RAZADYNE® ER by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Important Safety Information

In clinical trials, once-daily treatment with RAZADYNE® ER was well tolerated and the adverse events were similar to those seen with twice daily RAZADYNE® tablets.

Anesthesia

Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as galantamine HBr, are likely to exaggerate the neuromuscular blocking effects of succinylcholine-type and similar neuromuscular blocking agents during anesthesia.

Cardiovascular events

Because of their pharmacologic action, cholinesterase inhibitors have vagotonic effects on the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventrical (AV) nodes, leading to bradycardia and AV block. These actions may be particularly important to patients with superventricular cardiac conduction disorders, or to patients taking other drugs concomitantly that significantly slow heart rate. In clinical trials, galantamine HBr was associated with more frequent reports of bradycardia and syncope vs placebo. Post marketed surveillance of marketed anticholinesterase inhibitors has shown that bradycardia and all types of heart block have been reported in patients both with and without known underlying cardiac conduction abnormalities. All patients should be considered at risk for adverse effects on cardiac conduction.

Gastrointestinal

Cholinesterase inhibitors may increase gastric acid secretion. Patients should be monitored closely for symptoms of active or occult gastrointestinal bleeding, especially those with an increased risk of developing ulcers, eg, those with a history of ulcer disease or patients using concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Genitourinary

Cholinesterase inhibitors may cause bladder outflow obstruction.

Neurological conditions

Cholinesterase inhibitors are believed to have some potential to cause generalized convulsions. Seizure activity may also be a manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. In clinical trials, there was no increase in the incidence of convulsions with galantamine HBr compared with placebo.

Pulmonary conditions

Cholinesterase inhibitors should be prescribed with care to patients with a history of asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease.

Deaths in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

In controlled trials in elderly subjects with MCI, 13 subjects on RAZADYNE® (n=1026) and 1 subject on placebo (n=1022) died of various causes. About half of the RAZADYNE® deaths appeared to result from various vascular causes (myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death). RAZADYNE® and RAZADYNE® ER are not indicated for the treatment of MCI.

Hepatic or renal impairment

In patients with moderately impaired hepatic or renal function, dose titration should proceed cautiously. The use of RAZADYNE® or RAZADYNE® ER in patients with severe hepatic impairment or severely impaired renal function (Cl cr < 9 mL/min) is not recommended.

Most common Adverse Events

The most common adverse events in clinical studies occurring at rate of at least 5% and at least twice that of placebo at the recommended maintenance dose of either 16 or 24 mg/day under conditions of every 4 week dose escalation for each 8-mg increase were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight decrease.

About Janssen Research & Development, LLC

At Janssen Research & Development, LLC, we are united and energized by one mission—to discover and develop innovative medicines that ease patients' suffering, and solve the most important unmet medical needs of our time. As one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, our strategy is to identify the biggest unmet medical needs and match them with the best science, internal or external, to find solutions for patients worldwide. We leverage our world-class discovery and development expertise, and operational excellence, to bring innovative, effective treatments in oncology, immunology, neuroscience, infectious diseases and vaccines, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. For more information on Janssen R&D, visit http://www.janssenrnd.com/.

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Dena Davis
Dena Davis
February 26, 2024 4:35 am

Interesting. I just completed a survey of a thousand Americans over 50, asking when they would wish to die if they had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. The majority (56%) wished to die within the first year after diagnosis; another 25% wished to die while they could still live independently. So a drug that DECREASES mortality may not be what most people would want.

Living life with a memory impairment!
Living life with a memory impairment!
September 6, 2020 2:18 pm

In July 2005 at age 47 I was diagnosed with EOAD – Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Because of my age, the neurologist told me to get a 2nd opinion. A few months later a 2nd neurologist changed my diagnosis to MCI – mild cognitive impairment. I have been taking Galantamine since 2006. I was first prescribed 4 mg. twice daily. A few years ago it was increased to 8 mg. twice daily. I continue to do well with this medication. In 2014, I saw a 3rd neurologist & I was sent to a neuro physchologist. I had a neuro physch eval that confirmed the MCI diagnosis.

Kathy
Kathy
July 14, 2020 3:28 am

This comment has been removed by the author.

Unknown
Unknown
July 1, 2018 6:35 pm

Alzheimer's disease referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. Necessary to take alzheimer's treatment

Rachel Giffhorn
Rachel Giffhorn
July 7, 2017 4:41 am

This useful information about razadyne can help many patients who are suffering from memory loss. Galantamine is used to treat dementia related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. Strongly recommend this post.

Source: http://www.stonecrestatclaytonview.com

Anonymous
Anonymous
June 11, 2015 2:59 am

My husband has been on Reminyl (16mg) since September 2013 and I have seen nothing but decline. He was diagnosed in late 2012 aged 66 and has deteriorated rapidly. His language skills are severely impaired and his short term memory is a lot worse. He was a great handyman, doing things around the house but now he is losing the ability to do the simplest of jobs, such as change a washer in a tap – it took him 3 hours to do one washer last weekend. It's so sad and heartbreaking to watch. I hate this horrible disease and would never wish it on anyone.

PALady
PALady
May 6, 2014 3:02 am

My husband has been on Razadyne for over two years at only 8mg a day. The doctor increased his dosage to 12mg just two weeks ago. If I had read this article before, I would have had him increase to the 16mg. I am going to talk with him about it at the next appt.

Anonymous
Anonymous
December 17, 2012 2:43 pm

Kelly, you have my sympathy. Have you been diagnosed with dementia NOS, or with Alzheimer's? "Dementia" is a set of symptoms — it does not imply the disorder that is causing those symptoms. Razadyne (galantamine) has been studied for treating Alzheimer's. It may also be effective for Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease dementia. HOWEVER it rarely helps, and may even be harmful, for patients who have frontotemporal dementia (FTD) aka frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD). Talk with your doctor to determine whether you are a good candidate. See: http://www.alzcompend.info/?p=244

Unknown
Unknown
December 17, 2012 12:59 am

I've been diagnoised with dementia.Can I obtain this pill?

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P. Berger

This site was inspired by my Mom’s autoimmune dementia.

It is a place where we separate out the wheat from the chafe, the important articles & videos from each week’s river of news. Google gets a new post on Alzheimer’s or dementia every 7 minutes. That can overwhelm anyone looking for help. This site filters out, focuses on and offers only the best information. it has helped hundreds of thousands of people since it debuted in 2007. Thanks to our many subscribers for your supportive feedback.

The site is dedicated to all those preserving the dignity of the community of people living with dementia.

Peter Berger, Editor

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This site was inspired by my Mom’s autoimmune dementia.

It is a place where we separate out the wheat from the chafe, the important articles & videos from each week’s river of news. Google gets a new post on Alzheimer’s or dementia every 7 minutes. That can overwhelm anyone looking for help. This site filters out, focuses on and offers only the best information. it has helped hundreds of thousands of people since it debuted in 2007. Thanks to our many subscribers for your supportive feedback.

The site is dedicated to all those preserving the dignity of the community of people living with dementia.

Peter Berger, Editor

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This site was inspired by my Mom’s autoimmune dementia.

It is a place where we separate out the wheat from the chafe, the important articles & videos from each week’s river of news. Google gets a new post on Alzheimer’s or dementia every 7 minutes. That can overwhelm anyone looking for help. This site filters out, focuses on and offers only the best information. It has helped hundreds of thousands of people since it debuted in 2007. Thanks to our many subscribers for your supportive feedback.

The site is dedicated to all those preserving the dignity of the community of people living with dementia.

Peter Berger, Editor

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